Coral Calcium

• How It Works

  Coral calcium has not been shown to treat or prevent cancer, and it is not superior to other forms of calcium supplements.

  Coral calcium supplements contain calcium and magnesium. However, there is no evidence that these supplements are any better than typical calcium supplements available at lower cost. In addition, claims that coral calcium can maintain a proper pH balance in the human body, or that it has anticancer properties, are not support by scientific evidence.

  Please see our entry on calcium for more information about getting this mineral through diet or from supplements.

• Purported Uses
  • To treat arthritis
    No laboratory or clinical studies have evaluated coral calcium for arthritis.
  • To prevent cancer
    This claim is not backed by research.
  • To treat diabetes
    No scientific evidence supports this use.
  • To alleviate fatigue
    This use is not supported by any evidence.
  • To prevent and treat osteoporosis
    One animal study suggests that the effects of coral calcium are largely similar to those of calcium carbonate.
• Patient Warnings
  • Coral calcium supplements may cost more than other calcium supplements that have similar effects on the body. The FTC and FDA have issued warnings to numerous Web site operators who tout unproven benefits for coral calcium. Tests on a number of coral calcium supplements by an independent lab identified one that contained excessive amounts of lead.
• Do Not Take If
  • You have high blood levels of calcium or low blood levels of phosphate: Such patients should consult their doctor before taking calcium supplements.
• Side Effects
  • Constipation
  • Flatulence
  • Chalky taste
  • Dry mouth
  • Nausea
• Special Point

  Oral coral calcium supplements should not be confused with the coral matrix used in surgery and bone grafting.

• Brand Name

  Okinawa coral calcium

• Scientific Name

  Goniopora species; Porites species

• Clinical Summary

  Coral calcium is derived from the natural matrix of coral. Coral particles that drift to the sea bottom from natural erosion are harvested from a wide region of tropical oceans. Coral has been used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine either alone or in polyherbal formulas for its high calcium content, to treat conditions such as inflammation, cough, and osteoporosis ⁽⁷⁾. Coral calcium has been marketed as both a natural calcium supplement and linked to longevity in the elderly in Okinawa, Japan. However, some studies suggest that this longevity is attributable to their traditional plant-based diet ⁽⁸⁾.

  In a rodent model of postmenopausal bone loss, effects with dietary coral calcium were comparable to a calcium carbonate control ⁽⁹⁾. A few animal studies have been conducted with coral calcium hydride, a hydrogen-rich form of coral calcium considered to have increased antioxidant potential. In obese rodents, it prevented fatty liver disease ⁽¹⁰⁾.

  Limited studies suggest that calcium of coral origin is better absorbed in the intestine than calcium from other sources, and thought to be due to the 2:1 calcium:magnesium ratio that occurs naturally in coral ⁽³⁾. Claims of coral calcium’s ability to maintain a proper pH balance in the human body are unsubstantiated.

  There is no evidence of anticancer properties of coral calcium. Oral coral calcium supplements should not be confused with the coral matrix used in surgery and bone grafting.

  For more information on calcium supplementation, please read our monograph on calcium.

• Purported Uses
  • Arthritis
  • Cancer prevention
  • Diabetes
  • Fatigue
  • Osteoporosis
• Mechanism of Action

  Corals contain 20% calcium and 10% magnesium by weight. This ratio is comparable to the recommended daily allowances of these two minerals ⁽³⁾.

  In postmenopausal animal models of bone loss, coral calcium increased both bone-forming (osteocalcin, P1NP, ALP) and bone-resorption (Trap5b, CTX) markers to protect against post-ovariectomy bone loss, but effects were largely similar to those with calcium carbonate ⁽⁹⁾.

  Coral calcium hydride, a hydrogen-rich form considered to have increased antioxidant potential, prevented accelerated senescence in rodents through upregulation of cell death, free radical scavenging, and molecular transport ⁽¹¹⁾. In obese rodents, it improved hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced oxidative stress, and activated phase II enzymes to prevent fatty liver disease ⁽¹⁰⁾.

• Warnings

  The FTC and FDA have issued warnings to numerous Web site operators who promote coral calcium ⁽⁶⁾. An independent testing company found that some calcium supplements contain excessive amounts of lead ⁽⁵⁾.

• Contraindications

  Patients with high serum calcium levels or low serum phosphate levels should consult their physicians before taking calcium supplements.

• Adverse Reactions

  Coral calcium does not appear to have adverse effects beyond those associated with other forms of calcium supplementation ⁽³⁾.

• References

  1. DerMarderosian A, editor. The Review of Natural Products. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons; 1999.

  2. Vuola J, et al. Compressive strength of calcium carbonate and hydroxyapatite implants after bone-marrow-induced osteogenesis. Biomaterials 1998;19:223-7.

  3. Ishitani K, et al. Calcium absorption from the ingestion of coral-derived calcium by humans. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1999;45:509-17.

  4. Ross EA, Szabo NJ, Tebbett IR. Lead content of calcium supplements. JAMA 2000;284:1425-9.

  5. ConsumerLab.com, LLC. http://www.consumerlab.com/. Accessed May 5, 2011.

  6. Federal Trade Commission. FTC Charges Marketers of Coral Calcium Supreme Dietary Supplement and a Pain-Relief Product With Making False and Unsubstantiated Claims http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2003/06/trudeau.shtm. Accessed May 5, 2011.

  7. Mishra A, Mishra AK, Tiwari OP, et al. In-house preparation and characterization of an Ayurvedic bhasma: Praval bhasma. J Integr Med. Jan 2014;12(1):52-58.

  8. Willcox DC, Scapagnini G, Willcox BJ. Healthy aging diets other than the Mediterranean: a focus on the Okinawan diet. Mech Ageing Dev. Mar-Apr 2014;136-137:148-162.

  9. Banu J, Varela E, Guerra JM, et al. Dietary coral calcium and zeolite protects bone in a mouse model for postmenopausal bone loss. Nutr Res. Dec 2012;32(12):965-975.

  10. Hou C, Wang Y, Zhu E, et al. Coral calcium hydride prevents hepatic steatosis in high fat diet-induced obese rats: A potent mitochondrial nutrient and phase II enzyme inducer. Biochem Pharmacol. Mar 1 2016;103:85-97.

  11. Ueda Y, Kojima T, Oikawa T. Hippocampal gene network analysis suggests that coral calcium hydride may reduce accelerated senescence in mice. Nutr Res. Nov 2011;31(11):863-872.